MS medium is a very commonly used tissue culture medium, in which many variants have been developed. This culture medium originated from White＇s culture medium ａnd was initially developed for the cultivation of tobacco callus tissue. Compared to white culture medium, the concentration of all components increased. Increasing nitrogen to 50-60mM significantly stimulates the growth of tobacco cells, but concentrations of 80mM or higher are clearly detrimental to the cells. The increase of all other elements, especially macro elements, also stimulates the growth of callus tissue. Due to the high concentration of minerals, MS medium is a very rich saline medium, which may be too salty for certain plant species. To avoid this issue, MS is usually used in conjunction with trace elements at full concentrations, but with constant elements at concentrations of half or three-quarters as originally described by the author. Sometimes, the original MS vitamins are replaced by vitamins from Linsmaier ａnd Gamborg B5 culture media, as the concentration of thiamine is higher compared to the demand for this vitamin in plants.

MS培养基是Murashige和Skoog于1962年为烟草细胞培养设计的，其特点是无机盐和离子浓度较高，是较稳定的离子平衡溶液，它的硝酸盐含量高，其养分的数量和比例合适，能满足植物细胞的营养和生理需要，因而适用范围比较广，多数植物组织培养快速繁殖用它作为培养基的基本培养基。 基于此，这种培养基就用他们的名字来命名了。

MS培养基是非常常用的组织培养基，其中已经开发了许多变体。该培养基起源于怀特的培养基，初是为种植烟草愈伤组织而开发的。与白色培养基相比，所有成分的浓度都增加了。增加至50-60mM氮显着刺激烟草细胞的生长，然而浓度为80mM或更高显然对细胞不利。所有其他元素的增加，特别是宏观元素的增加，也刺激了愈伤组织的生长。由于矿物质浓度高，MS培养基是一种非常丰富的盐水培养基，对某些植物物种来说可能太咸了。为了避免这个问题，MS通常与全浓度的微量元素一起使用，但与作者初描述的浓度的一半或四分之三的常量元素一起使用。有时，原始的MS维生素被Linsmaier和Gamborg B5培养基的维生素所取代，因为相对于植物对这种维生素的需求，硫胺素的浓度较高。

艾美捷 Murashige & Skoog培养基含维生素#M0222.0050组成：

微量元素 毫克/升 微米

氯化钴2.6H2O 0.025 0.11

铜酸4.5H2O 0.025 0.10

菲纳多达 36.70 100.00

H3博3 6.20 100.27

基 0.83 5.00

锰硫4.H2O 16.90 100.00

那2哞4.2H2O 0.25 1.03

氧化锌4.7H2O 8.60 29.91

宏元素 毫克/升 毫米

氯化钙2 332.02 2.99

韩2采购订单4 170.00 1.25

诺3 1900.00 18.79

镁硫磺4 180.54 1.50

新罕布什尔州4不3 1650.00 20.61

维生素 毫克/升 微米

甘氨酸 2.00 26.64

肌醇肌醇 100.00 554.94

烟酸 0.50 4.06

盐酸吡哆醇 0.50 2.43

盐酸硫胺素 0.10 0.30

包括维生素在内的微观和宏观元素总浓度：4405.19毫克/升

FORMULA,INGREDIENTS     PER     LITER  

Potassium Nitrate 1900.00 mg/I Batch number :017465

Ammonium  Nitrate 1650.00 mg/1 Batch number :017160

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate 170.00  mg/ Batch  number:017087

Magnesium Sulphate Anhydrous   180.54 mg/1 Batch number  :017230

MS Micro Elements (M0301)   69.53 mg/l Batch number :P21196

Calcium Chloride Anhydrous   332.02 mg/l Batch number :017261

MS Vitamin Mixture (M0409)   103.10 mg/l Batch number :P20929