39VIMNBN

（1） 设计与维护

　　PLC用存储逻辑代替接线逻辑，大大减少了控制设备外部的接线，使控制系统设计及建造的周期大为缩短，同时日常维护也变得容易起来，更重要的是使同一设备经过改变程序而改变生产过程成为可能。特别适合多品种、小批量的生产场合。

　　（2） 安装与布线

　　动力线、控制线以及PLC的电源线

　　电源线是用作电气组件或设备与电源的连接线，通常来说指电线与其一端连接的插头或尾插的集合体，是电器产品的基本零部件之一。电源线分为电线和插头两部分。

       和I／O线应分别配线，隔离变压器与PLC和I／O之间应采用双绞线连接。将PLC的I／O线和大功率线分开走线，如必须在同一线槽内，分开捆扎交流线、直流线，若条件允许，分槽走线，这不仅能使其有尽可能大的空间距离，并能将干扰降到限度。

　　PLC应远离强干扰源如电焊机、大功率硅整流装置和大型动力设备，不能与高压电器安装在同一个开关柜内。在柜内PLC应远离动力线（二者之间距离应大于200 mm）。与PLC装在同一个柜子内的电感性负载，如功率较大的继电器、接触器的线圈，应并联RC消弧电路。

　　PLC的输入与输出采用分开走线，开关量与模拟量也要分开敷设。模拟量信号的传送应采用屏蔽线，屏蔽层应一端或两端接地，接地电阻

　　电阻，物质对电流的阻碍作用就叫该物质的电阻。电阻小的物质称为电导体，简称导体。电阻大的物质称为电绝缘体，简称绝缘体。 应小于屏蔽层电阻的1／10。

　　交流输出线和直流输出线不要用同一根电缆

　　电缆是一种用以传输电能信息和实现电磁能转换的线材产品。既有导体和绝缘层，有时还加有防止水份侵入的严密内护层，或还加机械强度大的外护层，结构较为复杂，截面积较大的产品叫做电缆。

，输出线应尽量远离高压线和动力线，避免并行。

　　（3）I／O端的接线

　　输入接线：输入接线一般不要太长。但如果环境干扰较小，电压降不大时，输入接线可适当长些；输入／输出线不能用同一根电缆，输入／输出线要分开；尽可能采用常开触点形式连接到输入端，使编制的梯形图与继电器原理图一致，便于阅读。

　输出连接：输出端接线分为独立输出和公共输出。在不同组中，可采用不同类型和电压等级的输出电压，但在同一组中的输出只能用同一类型、同一电压等级的电源。由于PLC的输出元件被封装在印制电路板上，并且连接至端子

　　端子通常指由铜材等冲制而成的连接器接触件。端子是连接电气线路的常用元件，主要在器件与组件、组件与机柜、系统与子系统之间起电连接和信号传递的作用，并且尽量保持系统与系统之间不发生信号失真和能量损失的变化.

板，若将连接输出元件的负载短路，将烧毁印制电路板。采用继电器输出时，所承受的电感性负载的大小，会影响到继电器的使用寿命，因此，使用电感性负载时应合理选择，或加隔离继电器。PLC的输出负载可能产生干扰，因此要采取措施加以控制，如直流输出的续流管保护，交流输出的阻容吸收电路，晶体管

　　晶体管是由三层杂质半导体构成的器件，有三个电极，所以又称为半导体三极管，晶体三极管等，可以用于检波、整流、放大、开关、稳压、信号调制和许多其它功能。

　　晶闸管（Thyristor）是晶体闸流管的简称，又可称做可控硅整流器，以前被简称为可控硅；1957年美国通用电器公司开发出世界上款晶闸管产品，并于1958年将其商业化；晶闸管是PNPN四层半导体结构，它有三个极：阳极，阴极和门极; 晶闸管具有硅整流器件的特性，能在高电压、大电流条件下工作，且其工作过程可以控制、被广泛应用于可控整流、交流调压、无触点电子开关、逆变及变频等电子电路中。

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